Small

Articles published from 1984-2014.

Description

Publishes original articles and commentaries on research in the fields of fundamental and applied soil and plant science. Original research papers, short communications including germplasm registrations, relevant book reviews, commentaries on papers recently published and, exceptionally, review articles will be considered for publication in the Journal. Manuscripts considered will address aspects of: Agronomical and Horticultural research including breeding and genetics, cultivar evaluation, management, nutrition, physiology, production, and quality; Soil Science research including biology, chemistry, classification, fertility, mineralogy, pedology and hydropedology, physics, and soil and land evaluation of agricultural and urban ecosystems; Weed Science research including biological control agents, biology, ecology, genetics, herbicide resistance and herbicide-resistant crops, and physiology and molecular action of herbicides and plant growth regulators; Agro-climatology; Agro-ecology; Forage, Pasture and Turfgrass science including production and utilisation; Plant and Soil Systems Modelling; Plant–Microbe Interactions; Plant–Pest Interactions; and Plant–Soil Relationships.

latest article added on October 2013

ArticleFirst AuthorPublished
Screening for DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) concentration among South African inbred maize lines and sorghum cultivarsMalan, C.1984

Screening for DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) concentration among South African inbred maize lines and sorghum cultivars

Keywords

Benzoxazinone, DIMBOA, maize cultivars, sorghum cultivars

Abstract

Twenty-seven popular South African inbred maize lines, four commercial maize cultivars, two sweet corn cultivars and two grain sorghum cultivars were screened by means of a rapid, semi-quantitative method to determine DIMBOA concentration. Significant differences were found between inbred lines. Sweet corn cultivars exhibited a relatively high concentration of DIMBOA, while grain sorghum contained a very low concentration. Although differences in concentration between plants cultivated from different seed sizes were found, no definite trend could be established. S. Air. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 99–102

Authors

Malan, C., Visser, J. H. and van de Venter, H. A.

Year Published

1984

Publication

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

Locations
    DOI

    10.1080/02571862.1984.10634120

    This article contributed by:

    Original

    Growth responses of inbred maize lines with high and low DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) contents to atrazineMalan, C.1984

    Growth responses of inbred maize lines with high and low DIMBOA (benzoxazinone) contents to atrazine

    Keywords

    Atrazine, benzoxazinone, DIMBOA, maize

    Abstract

    The growth response of five inbred maize lines with high and low DIMBOA content were compared in the presence of 3 and 12 ppm atrazine. A growth-promoting effect of atrazine on roots, mesocotyls and coleoptiles was observed in dark-grown seedlings of the low DIMBOA concentration lines, whereas virtually no effect could be detected in high DIMBOA concentration lines. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 103–105

    Authors

    Malan, C., Visser, J. H. and van de Venter, H. A.

    Year Published

    1984

    Publication

    South African Journal of Plant and Soil

    Locations
      DOI

      10.1080/02571862.1984.10634121

      This article contributed by:

      Original

      Fisiologiese blaarabnormaliteite en bolopbrengs by katoen (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soos deur kalium-, kalsium- en boorvoeding beïnvloedCombrink, N. J.J.1984

      Fisiologiese blaarabnormaliteite en bolopbrengs by katoen (Gossypium hirsutum L.) soos deur kalium-, kalsium- en boorvoeding beïnvloed

      Keywords

      Boron, calcium, cotton, physiological leaf abnormalities, potassium

      Abstract

      Physiological leaf abnormalities and boll yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as affected by potassium, calcium and boron nutrition. A pot trial with a sand medium and two levels each of K, Ca and B nutrition, factorially arranged, was carried out with cotton over a period of 13 weeks. A low level of B nutrition resulted in stunted plants. The high K level suppressed Ca uptake, resulting in a K X Ca interaction. A low boll yield and distorted leaves in the growing point were associated with deficient Ca nutrition. A high K level had a detrimental effect only at the low Ca level. Necrotic lesions, that may be confused with infection by Xanthomonas malvacearum (E.F. Smith) Dowson, occurred on leaves at the low Ca and B levels. Damage to cell walls in the spongy parenchyma or to phloem cells of the leaf veins preceded the development of necrotic lesions. Transparent spots were the result of a group of enlarged cells containing almost no chloroplasts, which developed between the two epidermal layers. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 106–110

      Authors

      Combrink, N. J.J.

      Year Published

      1984

      Publication

      South African Journal of Plant and Soil

      Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.1984.10634122

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        Potato irrigation scheduling and straw mulchingBurgers, M. S.1984

        Potato irrigation scheduling and straw mulching

        Keywords

        Irrigation scheduling, mulch, potatoes, soil temperature

        Abstract

        The effect of mulching and irrigation frequency on tuber yield was investigated during three seasons at the Glen Agricultural Research Institute The soil on the experimental site consisted of a loamy sand topsoil and sandy clay subsoil with 94 mm total available water in the top 775 mm of the soil profile. A wheal straw mulch of 14 t ha−1 reduced soil temperature and increased tuber yield consistently (averaged over all irrigation treatments in all three seasons, mulched plots produced 30% more tubers than bare plots). Tuber yield also responded well to increased irrigation frequencies it was concluded that the cooling effect ot frequent irrigation could be obtained much cheaper by mulching It is recommended that from commencement of stolonization, potatoes should be irrigated with 50 mm of water as soon as 50 mm of water has evaporated from a Class A pan for an unmulched crop and 65 mm for a mulched crop. S Afr J. Plant Soil 1984. 1: 111–116

        Authors

        Burgers, M. S. and Nel, P. C.

        Year Published

        1984

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.1984.10634123

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        Practical means of scheduling irrigation of maize using a programmable pocket calculatorMottram, R.1984

        Practical means of scheduling irrigation of maize using a programmable pocket calculator

        Keywords

        Irrigation scheduling, maize

        Abstract

        The irrigation scheduling model IRRISCHED-4, here described, enables the irrigator to choose one of four techniques for estimating crop water use, depending upon data available. Daily inputs include maximum and minimum temperatures, sunshine hours, leaf area index, crop factor, rain, and irrigation. The model is run on a programmable pocket calculator. The techniques used in determining daily soil-water status depend on Class A pan evaporation, the Linacre and Blaney & Criddle equations, and a modified version of the Priestley & Taylor equation. These four techniques were tested over two seasons at Cedara and compared to lysimeter-determined values of evapotranspiration. All methods perform satisfactorily but the modified Priestley & Taylor method provided the most reliable evapotranspiration estimates, owing to the utilization of leaf area index data. S. Afr. J. Plant. Soil 1984, 1: 117–121

        Authors

        Mottram, R. and Clemence, R. St. E.

        Year Published

        1984

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.1984.10634124

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        Potassium effects on stalk strength, premature death and lodging of maize (Zea mays L.)Melis, Maria1984

        Potassium effects on stalk strength, premature death and lodging of maize (Zea mays L.)

        Keywords

        Lodging, maize, potassium, premature death, stalk strength

        Abstract

        In a field trial with maize, applications of potassium (K) proved to have a highly significant effect on stalk strength, premature death, root lodging and stalk breakage. A week prior to harvest the percentage of lodged plants varied from 77% in plots which received 50 kg K ha−1 to 47% in plots which received 200 kg K ha−1. Although some stalk breakage of green plants and root lodging were evident, premature death was clearly the prime cause of lodging. Significantly, premature death and stalk breakage were lowest in plots which received no K fertilization. The virtual absence of ears precluded the establishment of the carbohydrate sink, considered to play an important role in predisposing plants to invasion by stalk-rot organisms. The marked effects of K observed in this study suggest that K stress could profitably be used as a selection aid in breeding programmes. It seems probable that discrimination in terms of standability will be reduced when crops are adequately fertilized with K. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 122–124

        Authors

        Melis, Maria and Farina, M. P.W.

        Year Published

        1984

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.1984.10634125

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        Invloed van sekere grondeienskappe op matrikspotensiaal by, en tydsverloop tot, veldkapasiteitBeukes, D. J.1984

        Invloed van sekere grondeienskappe op matrikspotensiaal by, en tydsverloop tot, veldkapasiteit

        Keywords

        Field capacity, hydraulic conductivity, matric potential, soil texture

        Abstract

        Veldkapasiteit (VK) is bepaal op 5x5 m-persele op verskeie gronde in Wes-Kaapland. Tekstureel het die gronde gewissel van growwe sand tot sandklei. Gronde van die Avalon-, Dundee-, Fernwood-, Hutton-, Oakleafen Westleighvorme is gebruik. Matrikspotensiaal (ψm) is gemonitor met kwiktensiometers, terwyl waterinhoud gravimetries bepaal is. Veldkapasiteit is op vyf gronddieptes bepaal en het gewissel van 4,9% tot 27,2% op massabasis. In totaal is 105 bepalings op 23 persele uitgevoer. Lineêre korrelasiestudies het getoon dat daar 'n swak verwantskap bestaan tussen % klei (r = 0,40), % slik + klei (r = 0,53), % fynsand (r = −0,52) en hidrouliese geleivermoë (K) (r = −0,42), onderskeidelik, en matrikspotensiaal by VK. Hierdie tekstuureienskappe en K is nog swakker gekorreleer met die tydsverloop vanaf versadiging tot VK. Trosontledings het alle waarnemings in 'n aantal goed afgebakende groepe geplaas op basis van die genoemde deeltjiegroottefraksies en grond- watereienskappe. Vyf tekstuurgroepe is geïdentifiseer. Die ontledings het getoon dat (i) daar geen uniekheid is in die groeperings sover dit lokaliteite of grondvorme betref nie; (ii) matrikspotensiaal by VK 'n funksie van hidrouliese geleivermoë is; (iii) daar gevolgllk nie 'n unieke verband bestaan tussen tekstuur en ψ by VK nie; en (iv) daar geen verwantskap bestaan tussen tekstuur of hidrouliese geleivermoë, en die tydsverloop vanaf versadiging tot VK nie. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plant Grond 1984, 1: 125–131

        Authors

        Beukes, D. J.

        Year Published

        1984

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
          DOI

          10.1080/02571862.1984.10634126

          This article contributed by:

          Original

          Reaction of oriental tobacco to spacing and topping treatments at three levels of nitrogenous fertilizer applicationLamprecht, M. P.1984

          Reaction of oriental tobacco to spacing and topping treatments at three levels of nitrogenous fertilizer application

          Keywords

          Nicotiana tabacum, nitrogen, oriental tobacco, spacing, topping

          Abstract

          Three levels of nitrogenous fertilizer were applied to oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Elcatra) at different spacings and topped to 14 and 28 leaves per plant respectively. Yield, income, total nitrogen and total alkaloids of the cured leaves increased, and total reducing sugars decreased as nitrogen application was increased. Acceptable levels of quality attributes such as total nitrogen, alkaloids, and reducing sugars, as well as a high income, were obtained when plants were spaced 20 cm from each other in 25 cm twin rows with an interrow space of 50 cm, topped to 28 leaves and fertilized with a high level of N (72 kg N ha−1). S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 132–134

          Authors

          Lamprecht, M. P. and van der Merwe, W. J.C.

          Year Published

          1984

          Publication

          South African Journal of Plant and Soil

          Locations
          DOI

          10.1080/02571862.1984.10634127

          This article contributed by:

          Original

          Effect of herbicides on survival of rhizobia and nodulation of peas, groundnuts and lucernevan Rensburg, H. Jansen1984

          Effect of herbicides on survival of rhizobia and nodulation of peas, groundnuts and lucerne

          Keywords

          Herbicides, legumes, nodulation, rhizobia, toxicity

          Abstract

          Thirteen herbicides were tested for toxicity against strains of Rhizobium used in South African legume inoculants for lucerne, clover, soybeans, groundnuts and lupins, respectively. Each of alachlor, bromoxynil, proprop, metolachlor, naptalam + dinoseb, and trifluralin inhibited at least two of the strains after a contact period of ca 10 s. No strain survived 42 h in contact with any of these herbicides. Atrazine and terbutryn were relatively non-toxic. The slow-growing strains of Rhizobium japonicum, Rhizobium lupini and Rhizobium sp. (groundnuts) were less affected by at least two of the herbicides tested than strains of the fast-growing R. meliloti and R. trifolii. Toxicity of a herbicide to rhizobia in vitro did not necessarily correlate with its effect on nodulation and some are considered suitable for field application. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 135–138

          Authors

          van Rensburg, H. Jansen and Strijdom, B. W.

          Year Published

          1984

          Publication

          South African Journal of Plant and Soil

          Locations
            DOI

            10.1080/02571862.1984.10634128

            This article contributed by:

            Original

            Influence of temperature and daylength on the phenological development of annual Medicago species with particular reference to M. truncatula, cv. Jemalongvan Heerden, J. M.1984

            Influence of temperature and daylength on the phenological development of annual Medicago species with particular reference to M. truncatula, cv. Jemalong

            Keywords

            Daylength, flowering date, mathematical model, Medicago-spp., pasture legumes, temperature, vernalization

            Abstract

            In a glasshouse and two growth-room trials, carried out in conjunction with 12 serial plantings in pots in the open, it was found that the phenological development of Medicago truncatula, M. tornata, M. aculeata, M. polymorpha, M. scutellata and M. littoralis cultivars differed markedly in response to vernalization. In M. truncatula cv. Jemalong daylength interacted strongly with vernalization. Using the data of the 12 serial plantings, a mathematical model was developed to predict the period from emergence to flowering using daylength and temperature inputs. Because of the differential influence of temperature and daylength on different genotypes it was concluded that a separate model would have to be developed for each cultivar. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1984, 1: 73–78

            Authors

            van Heerden, J. M.

            Year Published

            1984

            Publication

            South African Journal of Plant and Soil

            Locations
            DOI

            10.1080/02571862.1984.10634113

            This article contributed by:

            Original

            Recent Articles

            Perspectives on the Principles and Structure of the Soil Classification System in South Africa: Discussion and Practical Examples

            by Turner, David P

            The paper discusses revised principles, perspectives and structure for soil classification of natural soils in South Africa. An expanded ‘sphere of pedological interest’ is proposed through the formal recognition of a wider range of subsurface soil materials. The concept of soil groups has been recognised and is further developed as a formal classification category. In addition, a subgroup cate...

            published 2013 in South African Journal of Plant and Soil

            Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant Capacity and Physicochemical Properties of Pomegranate Grown in Different Microclimates in South Africa

            by Mditshwa, Asanda, Fawole, Olaniyi A, Al-Said, Fahad, Al-Yahyai, Rashid and Opara, Umezuruike L

            We investigated the antioxidant and physicochemical properties of pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Bhagwa) fruit grown in three microclimates in South Africa. The physicochemical properties of fruit peel and arils differed among the growing locations, including weight and redness color of both peel and arils. Contents of vitamin C, anthocyanin and total phenolics were 0.67–1.41 mg ml−1, 0.07–0....

            published 2013 in South African Journal of Plant and Soil


            Estimation of Thrips (fulmekiola Serrata Kobus) Density in Sugarcane Using Leaf-Level Hyperspectral Data

            by Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M, Way, Mike, Ahmed, Fethi, Ismail, Riyad and Adam, Elhadi

            The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of leaf-level hyperspectral data to predict the density of sugarcane thrips Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus). A hand-held spectroradiometer was used to make the spectral measurements on spindle leaves of 4- to 5-month-old plants of sugarcane cv. N19 growing in commercial fields near Umfolozi, South Africa. A random forest algorithm followed b...

            published 2013 in South African Journal of Plant and Soil

            A Revised Perspective on Principles of Soil Classification in South Africa

            by Turner, David P

            Limited significance has been given to the formal recognition of certain subsoil materials in the South African Soil Classification System. Three principles in the current classification system are discussed using variants of soil profiles associated with the Avalon soil form. The retention of the arbitrary depth criterion is questioned in favour of the recognition of an enlarged ‘sphere of ped...

            published 2013 in South African Journal of Plant and Soil