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Articles published from 1984-2014.

Description

Publishes original articles and commentaries on research in the fields of fundamental and applied soil and plant science. Original research papers, short communications including germplasm registrations, relevant book reviews, commentaries on papers recently published and, exceptionally, review articles will be considered for publication in the Journal. Manuscripts considered will address aspects of: Agronomical and Horticultural research including breeding and genetics, cultivar evaluation, management, nutrition, physiology, production, and quality; Soil Science research including biology, chemistry, classification, fertility, mineralogy, pedology and hydropedology, physics, and soil and land evaluation of agricultural and urban ecosystems; Weed Science research including biological control agents, biology, ecology, genetics, herbicide resistance and herbicide-resistant crops, and physiology and molecular action of herbicides and plant growth regulators; Agro-climatology; Agro-ecology; Forage, Pasture and Turfgrass science including production and utilisation; Plant and Soil Systems Modelling; Plant–Microbe Interactions; Plant–Pest Interactions; and Plant–Soil Relationships.

latest article added on October 2013

ArticleFirst AuthorPublished
'n Evaluasie van twee chromatografiese metodes vir die roetine-bepaling van nikotien en nornikotien in tabakNel, J. G.1988

'n Evaluasie van twee chromatografiese metodes vir die roetine-bepaling van nikotien en nornikotien in tabak

Keywords

Gas chromatography, nicotine, nornicotine, thinlayer chromatography, tobacco

Abstract

Ten einde 'n geskikte metode op 'n tyd- en kostebasis te vind vir die roetine-ontleding van nornikotien in tabakmonsters, is twee tegnieke van individuele alkaloïedbepalings vergelyk. Met die dunlaagchromatografiese metode kon sewe verskillende alkaloïedes in een van die monsters wat ontleed is waargeneem word terwyl die gaschromatografiese metode slegs nikotien en nornikotien kon waarneem. Die verskille in die persentasies nikotien en nornikotien van die drie uitgesoekte monsters wat volgens die prosedures van die twee metodes ontleed is, is binne perke van 'n 10%-variasie en vergelyk baie gunstig. Vir die roetine-ontleding van nornikotien in tabakmonsters word die dunlaagchromatografiese metode aanbeveel.

Authors

Nel, J. G.

Year Published

1988

Publication

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

Locations
DOI

10.1080/02571862.1988.10634247

This article contributed by:

Original

'n Evaluering van die volumetermetode om aggregaatstabiliteit van 'n vertisol te kwantifiseerBeukes, D. J.1987

'n Evaluering van die volumetermetode om aggregaatstabiliteit van 'n vertisol te kwantifiseer

Keywords

Aggregate stability, grain sorghum, matric potential, stubble mulch, vertic soil

Abstract

Die 0–10 mm laag van twee proefpersele van 'n vertiese grond waarop graansorghum sonder enige bewerking met behoud van 'n stoppeldeklaag (GBS) en met die Stoppel verwyder (GBG), verbou is, is gemonster. Grond- koolstofinhoud was 1,82% en 1,15% onderskeidelik. Massas (120 g) van < 2 mm- en < 8 mm-fraksies is versadig en gedreineer by 'n reeks matrikspotensiale (ψm) vanaf –5 tot –40 kPa. Na elke ewewigsinstelling is die monsters in 'n volumeter geplaas en aan 'n reeks (5–1600) vertikale slae onderwerp waarna die volumes bepaal is. Bokant 1000 slae het monstervolumes konstant gebly. Die < 8 mm-fraksie van GBS-monsters het groter finale volumes (dit wil sê minder aggregaatverval) gelewer as die < 2 mm-fraksie. By GBG was daar min of geen verskille tussen volumes nie. Dit dui op stabiele aggregaatvorming in die 2–8 mm-gebied vir die GBS-behandeling. Verder het GBS groter finale monstervolumes bereik as GBG. Met behulp van die volumeter kon dus aangetoon word dat die aanwesigheid van organiese materiaal aggregaatvorming en verhoogde -stabiliteit teweeggebring het. Die grootste volumeverskille is by ψm = −10 kPa verkry. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat aggregate die grootste mate van stabiliteit teen disintegrasie by –10 kPa getoon het. Die aanwesigheid van stabiele aggregate in die < 8 mm-fraksie van GBS het by 'n gegewe ψm hoër grondwaterinhoude gegee as GBG. Vir die < 2 mm-fraksies was daar feitlik geen verskille in waterinhoud tussen GBS en GBG nie.

Authors

Beukes, D. J.

Year Published

1987

Publication

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

Locations
    DOI

    10.1080/02571862.1987.10634949

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    Original

    'n Nuwe benadering tot die bepaling van hitte-eenhede vir sonneblomLoubser, H. L.1986

    'n Nuwe benadering tot die bepaling van hitte-eenhede vir sonneblom

    Keywords

    Development, heat units, prediction, sunflower

    Abstract

    Die konvensionele metode vir die bepaling van hitte-eenhede is vergelyk met 'n nuwe benadering. Data uit sewe kultivarproewe insluitende daaglikse maksimum en minimum temperature is gebruik om die hitte-eenhedevereistes van drie kultivars te bepaal. Twee vergelykings is gebruik, een verteenwoordig die konvensionele hitte-eenhedebenadering en die ander een die nuwe benadering. Onafhanklike data van 16 kultivarproewe, wat oor drie jaar uitgevoer is, is gebruik om die voorspellingswaarde van die verskillende vergelykings vir die somerreënsaaigebiede van Suid-Afrika te toets. Akkumulasies van relatiewe hitte-eenhede Y, wat volgens die vergelyking Y = −0,014X 2 + 1,08X - 6,9 waar X = (2Tx + Tn )/3, Tx = daaglikse maksimum temperatuur en Tn = daaglikse minimum temperatuur, bereken is, het die beste voorspellings gegee van die aantal dae van plant tot 50% blom. Kriteria wat gebruik is om voorspellingswaarde te beoordeel is: goeie ooreenstemming tussen gemiddeldes van die werklike en berekende aantal dae tussen plant en blom, klein afwykings van berekende waardes vanaf hul gemiddeldes en temperatuuronafhanklikheid van die afwykings. Beoordeel volgens hierdie norme is die nuwe benadering meer betroubaar as die ou benadering en behoort dus gebruik te word om die ontwikkeling van sonneblom te voorspel vir die somerreënsaaigebiede van Suid-Afrika. S.-Afr. Tydskr. Plant Grond 1986, 3: 41–44

    Authors

    Loubser, H. L.

    Year Published

    1986

    Publication

    South African Journal of Plant and Soil

    Locations
    DOI

    10.1080/02571862.1986.10634184

    This article contributed by:

    Original

    'n Vergelyking tussen berekende en in situ onversadigde geleivermoë van 'n sand en 'n sandkleileemBeukes, D. J.1986

    'n Vergelyking tussen berekende en in situ onversadigde geleivermoë van 'n sand en 'n sandkleileem

    Keywords

    Empirical equations, hydraulic conductivity, pore classes, retentivity curve, soil water drainage

    Abstract

    Onversadigde geleivermoë, K(θ), is bereken vanaf verskeie vergelykings gebaseer op poriegrootteverspreiding en die grondwaterretensiekromme. Versadigde geleivermoë (Ks ) is as passingsfaktor gebruik en is verkry vanaf laboratorium-en veldbepalings. Berekende K(θ) is by verskillende porieklasse vergelyk met waardes vanaf in situ- dreineringstudies op 'n sand en 'n sandkleileem. Siegs op die sand het sommige van die vergelykings (nl. Kunze et al.; Millington & Quirk) goeie ooreenstemming getoori met in situ-K(θ). Vir beide gronde het 16 porieklasse'n goeie voorstelling gegee van totale porositeit. As gevolg van die inherente verskille tussen laboratorium- en in situ-waterretensiekrommes sal vergelykings gebaseer op eersgenoemde krommes altyd swak resultate lewer. Onafwendbare verskille tussen in situ- en laboratorium- Ks -waardes bemoeilik die keuse van 'n geskikte Ks as passingsfaktor.

    Authors

    Beukes, D. J.

    Year Published

    1986

    Publication

    South African Journal of Plant and Soil

    Locations
    DOI

    10.1080/02571862.1986.10634188

    This article contributed by:

    Original

    'n Vergelyking tussen hidrouliese geleivermoë en vernante eienskappe van 'n fynsand en 'n fynsandkleileem tydens in sity-dreineringBeukes, D. J.1987

    'n Vergelyking tussen hidrouliese geleivermoë en vernante eienskappe van 'n fynsand en 'n fynsandkleileem tydens in sity-dreinering

    Keywords

    Drainage, exponential relationships, flux density, hydraulic conductivity, matric potential, water content

    Abstract

    In situ-dreineringstudies is in triplikaat op elk van 'n fynsand (Shashaserie) en 'n fynsandkleileem (Msingaserie) uitgevoer. Die ondersoek het 340 uur geduur waartydens op vyf dieptes metings van volumetriese waterinhoud (θ) en matrikspotensiaal (ψm) gedoen is. Unieke verwantskappe tussen θ, ψm en tekstuur is gevind. Alhoewel θ by versadiging nie veel verskil het nie, het die fynsand gedreineer tot 'n ewewigs-θ van 0,06 teenoor 0,24 van die fynsandkleileem; finale ψm het nie veel verskil nie (–8,9 kPa en –9,2 kPa, onderskeidelik). Hoër vloeddigthede van die fynsand in die tydperk onmiddellik na versadiging verklaar gedeeltelik die sneller afname in θ in vergelyking met die fynsandkleileem. Daar bestaan meerfasige eksponensiële verwantskappe tussen hidrouliese geleivermoë (1) en ψm, asook tussen θ en ψm (r = 0,82–0,99). By die snypunte van die funksies kan waardes herlei word vir (1) θ en ψm wat goed ooreenstem met in situ θ en ψm by veldkapasiteit, en (2) ψm wat moontlik die lugintree-potensiaal aandui. Die veel laer eind-θ van die fynsand kan ook toegeskryf word aan 'n effens groter K-reikwydte, sowel as 'n tydelike konstante θ by die aanvang van dreinering.

    Authors

    Beukes, D. J.

    Year Published

    1987

    Publication

    South African Journal of Plant and Soil

    Locations
      DOI

      10.1080/02571862.1987.10634965

      This article contributed by:

      Original

      'n Vergelyking van koringkultivars ten opsigte van droogteverdraagsaamheidJoubert, G. D.1987

      'n Vergelyking van koringkultivars ten opsigte van droogteverdraagsaamheid

      Keywords

      Drought tolerance, water potential, wheat

      Abstract

      'n Proef met vyf koringkultivars en twee vogpeile (50 en 80% van veldwaterkapasiteit) is in 'n glashuis uitgevoer. Kultivarverskiile in droëmateriaalakkumulasie is verkry by die lae vogpeil. Gamtoos het die grootste blaaroppervlakte en blaarmassa gehad by die vlagblaarstadium en uiteindelik 'n hoër graanopbrengs gelewer as die ander kultivars. Gedurende die vlagblaarstadium was blaarwaterpotensiaal by die lae vogpeil van Gamtoos ook laer as dié van die ander kultivars.

      Authors

      Joubert, G. D.

      Year Published

      1987

      Publication

      South African Journal of Plant and Soil

      Locations
      DOI

      10.1080/02571862.1987.10634954

      This article contributed by:

      Original

      'n Vergelyking van verskillende metodes vir die ekstraksie en bepaling van aluminium in grondPretorius, Mardel1989

      'n Vergelyking van verskillende metodes vir die ekstraksie en bepaling van aluminium in grond

      Keywords

      Acid soils, extractable Al, methods, soil acidity

      Abstract

      Vier metodes vir die ekstrahering en bepaling van Al in suur gronde is vergelyk vir grondmonsters vanaf 'n verskeidenheid van bronne en met pH (KCl) waardes tussen 3,3 en 4,4. Die oogmerk was om 'n vinnige, eenvoudige, maar steeds betroubare metode vir die bepaling van Al op 'n roetine basis te selekteer. Ekstraheerbare Al is eerstens bepaal na 'n reeks van 22 agtereenvolgende ekstraksies met 0,2M NH4CI (22- ekstraksiemetode). Alhoewel teoreties suiwer, is hierdie metode te omslagtig vir roetine gebruik. Met die tweede metode is Al geëkstraheer met 1M KCl en spektrofotometries bepaal na verkleuring met chroom azurol S (CAS-metode). Baie laer Al-waardes is hierdeur verkry as met die 22- ekstraksiemetode. Die derde metode het bestaan uit 'n 1M KCl ekstraksie van Al gevolg deur 'n finale titrasie met 0.025M HCl nadat Al gekomplekseer is met KF. Aluminium-waardes soortgelyk aan die van die 22-ektraksiemetode is verkry en herhaalbaarheid was veel beter as in die geval van die CAS-metode. Die Vierde metode, wat op 'n enkele ekstraksie van Al met 0,2M NH4CI gebaseer is, het die laagste Al-waardes van alle metodes opgelewer. Die titrasiemetode blyk dus, as gevolg van eenvoudigheid, goeie herhaalbaarheid en die vermoë om addisionele inligting oor grondsuurheid te verskaf, die geskikste metode te wees vir die roetine bepaling van Al in grand.

      Authors

      Pretorius, Mardel and Beukes, D. J.

      Year Published

      1989

      Publication

      South African Journal of Plant and Soil

      Locations
      DOI

      10.1080/02571862.1989.10634498

      This article contributed by:

      Original

      'n Vogstremmingsindeks vir gebruik in besproeiing van katoenDippenaar, M. C.1987

      'n Vogstremmingsindeks vir gebruik in besproeiing van katoen

      Keywords

      Cotton, non-water stressed base line, plant water status, plant water stress index

      Abstract

      Die behoefte bestaan om plantparameters as kritiese indikatore aan te wend om besproeiingsbestuur te vergemaklik. Die blaarwaterpotensiaal (ψb) van katoen en relatiewe turgiditeit (RT%) van blaarskyfies is gedurende 1983 tot 1985 en tydens die 1986/87-seisoen bepaal. Hierdie metings is op goed-besproeide katoenpersele met sonop en om 14h00 geneem. Die gemiddelde ψ-waarde met sonop beloop - 564 kPa en die RT% = 92,96%. Die dehidrasie wat katoen onder hoë grondvogtoestande ondergaan korreleer goed met die verdampingsaanvraag van die atmosfeer soos met die Amerikaanse klas-A-pan gemeet (Ep). 'n Basislyn vir geen-vogstremming, is opgestel waarteen enige vogstremmingstoestand geweeg kan word deur van blaarwaterpotensiaal en RT% gebruik te maak. Aan die hand van hierdie basislyn is 'n plantwaterstremmingsindeks (PWSI) opgestel wat gedefinieer is as die verhouding van minimum verwagte dehidrasie soos deur die basislyn voorspel, tot die gemete daling in plantwaterstatus by 'n gegewe Ep-waarde. Die PWSI is goed gekorreleer met die lineêre groei van katoenblare en toename in planthoogte. Die kritieke PWSI-waarde waarby fotosintese en veselproduksie betekenisvol verminder, verg verdere navorsing.

      Authors

      Dippenaar, M. C. and Weyers, Catharina

      Year Published

      1987

      Publication

      South African Journal of Plant and Soil

      Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.1987.10634973

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        ‘Water and fertilizer influence on yield of grain sorghum varieties produced in Burkina FasoPalé, S.2009

        ‘Water and fertilizer influence on yield of grain sorghum varieties produced in Burkina Faso

        Keywords

        microdose, reversible tool IR12, tied-ridges, traditional beer, zaï

        Abstract

        Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the major cereal crop used in the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso to produce the traditional beer called “dolo”. Experiments combining five water management techniques (WMT) and four fertilizer treatments (FT) in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement of treatments were conducted from 2003 to 2005. Water management techniques were allocated to main plots and FT to subplots. The objective was to determine the best cropping practice to optimize yields for two red grain sorghum varieties, IRAT9 and ICSV1001 (Framida), commonly used for dolo production. Results indicated that water conservation using tied-ridges produced higher grain yields. The highest yield benefit was 241 kg ha−1 for Framida. In the IRAT9 field, the highest yield benefit of 395 kg ha−1occurred in the lowest rainfall year (736 mm) of 2005. In all years, microdose consisting of application of 19 kg N ha−1, 19 kg P ha−1 and 19 kg K ha−1 as complex fertilizer NPK at planting, with addition of 20 kg P ha−1 as triple super phosphate at planting in the planting hole and 30 kg N ha−1 as urea applied 45 days after planting (microdose + 20 kg P ha−1 + 30 kg N ha−1) produced the highest grain yield increases from 420 to 756 kg ha−1 for Framida and from 812 to 1346 kg ha−1 for IRAT9. In the IRAT9 field, microdose + 20 kg P ha−1 + 30 kg N ha−1 produced the highest grain yield in all WM treatments, with yield increases from 518 to 1327 kg ha−1 depending on the WMT. Correlations indicated that the number of panicles harvested ha−1 were associated with grain yield for the two varieties. The best cropping system to optimize grain yield of Framida and IRAT9 was the use of tied-ridges and application of micro-dose + 20 kg P ha−1 + 30 kg N ha−1.

        Authors

        Palé, S., Mason, S.C. and Taonda, S.J.B.

        Year Published

        2009

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
        DOI

        10.1080/02571862.2009.10639939

        This article contributed by:

        Original

        A canning quality model for small white bean lines selected for breeding (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)van der Merwe, M.2008

        A canning quality model for small white bean lines selected for breeding (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

        Keywords

        breeding lines, canning quality, canonical variate analysis, model, small white bean cultivars

        Abstract

        The study aimed to validate canonical variate analysis (CVA) model equations for the grouping of small white beans according to canning quality by testing them on four cultivar samples of known canning quality (2000/01 season), and 24 breeding samples that were not included in the development of the model, from three localities (2002/03 season). The model was not sensitive enough to classify cultivars into canning grades, but could serve as a rapid means to identify cultivar groupings based on canning quality without the use of 95% confidence circles. The CVA on breeding samples and the model identified the same entries not to be significantly different (P>0.05) from Teebus (reference cultivar) in canning quality. The model was therefore able to predict the average canning quality of dry bean entries not included in the original model over localities. It was also successfully applied to indicate the entry × locality interactions, thus enabling the identification of entries with stability over localities. The model eliminates the need for performing CVA, while it allows the determination of canning quality by using only visual appearance, hydration coefficient, splits and size for the evaluation.

        Authors

        van der Merwe, M., Osthoff, G. and Pretorius, A.J.

        Year Published

        2008

        Publication

        South African Journal of Plant and Soil

        Locations
          DOI

          10.1080/02571862.2008.10639891

          This article contributed by:

          Original

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